[[alternative]]The Interaction of Tibetan Buddhism and American Psychology: with “Cognitively-Based Compassion Training” as an Example

[[abstract]] 藏傳佛教進入西方之後，與西方心理學相互激盪，為當代心理學匯入新的觀點、新的研究方法和新的實務技術。佛教修行法和科學心理學交流會通，以科學和教育方式流布四方，成為21世紀美國藏傳佛教的特色。 本文以Emory大學Lobsang Tenzin Negi博士開發的「認知基礎慈悲訓練（Cognitively-Based Compassion Training，CBCT）」為例，探討藏傳佛教與美國為主的西方心理學交會與影響。本文以藏傳佛教進入西方世界的背景脈絡為經、十四世達賴喇嘛與當代科學家交流做平台，探討佛教用來對治瞋恨的「慈悲（Compassion）」和藏傳佛教的「修心法（lo jong）」引入西方心理學界的歷程；CBCT是藏傳佛教「修心法（lo jong）」的當代科學版本、東西方心理學交流產物「慈悲沉思實務（Compassion-Based Interventions，CBIs）」的先驅，也是雙方合作建構的「破壞性情緒處理模式」範例。 繼「正念革命」之後，在世界被疫情、種族動盪和戰爭四分五裂之時，CBCT和慈悲沉思實務代表的幸福技術，正在逐漸翻轉西方以「個人為中心」的價值觀、朝向更著重深度社會連結、社會公平、感恩、利他、以「他人為中心」的「慈悲運動」；也為善惡交織的西方人性觀另闢蹊徑。[[abstract]] After Tibetan Buddhism entered the West, it interacted with Western psychology, bringing new viewpoints, new research methods and new practical techniques into contemporary psychology. Buddhist practice method and scientific psychology exchanged and interflowed that spread by means of science and education has become the characteristics of Tibetan Buddhism in the United States in the 21st century. This article takes the “Cognitively-Based Compassion Training (CBCT)” developed by Dr. Lobsang Tenzin Negi of Emory University as an example to explore the interaction and influence of Tibetan Buddhism and American-based Western psychology. This article uses the context of Tibetan Buddhism’s entry into the Western world as the longitude, and the communication of The 14th Dharma King Dalai Lama with contemporary scientists as a platform, to discuss the process of introducing the “compassion”, used by Buddhism to quell hatred, and the “method of mind cultivation (lo jong)” of Tibetan Buddhism into the field of Western psychology. CBCT is the contemporary scientific version of Tibetan Buddhism “method of mind cultivation (lo jong)”. It is the pioneer of the product of Eastern and Western psychological exchanges “Compassion-Based Interventions (CBIs)” and is also the “destructive emotion handling model” constructed by the two sides. Following the “mindfulness revolution”, at a time when the world is being torn apart by pandemic, racial unrest, and war, happiness technologies led by CBCT and CBIs are gradually turning the West's “individual-centered” values toward the “Compassion Movement” with a greater emphasis on deep social connection, social equity, gratitude, altruism, and “others-centeredness”; it also opened up a new way for the Western view of human nature where good and evil are intertwined